Nunca mais voltas ao Cais? Percepções sociais e políticas sobre os Cais da Ria de Aveiro

As comunidades existentes em torno da Ria de Aveiro sempre mantiveram com esta uma forte afinidade. Este ecossistema foi sempre utilizado como fonte de recursos, sendo que as populações mais ribeirinhas viviam em função do que a “Ria” lhes concedia – o sal, o moliço, a pesca, o transporte lagunar e mesmo a agricultura. Por esta razão, foram construídos vários cais de acostagem que serviam de suporte às diversas actividades que aí se desenvolviam. Com o desaparecimento/desvalorização de determinadas actividades, muitos destes cais foram perdendo a sua vitalidade, encontrando-se de momento em forte estado de degradação e contribuindo para o continuado abandono destas áreas que, por sua vez, tem implicações quer na estrutura socioeconómica das comunidades locais quer no próprio ecossistema. No sentido de recuperar e revalorizar os cais de acostagem, o programa Polis Litoral Ria de Aveiro, promoveu o Estudo de Caracterização para o Reordenamento e Valorização dos Núcleos Piscatórios Lagunares, focalizado sobre 22 cais dos municípios de Ovar, Estarreja, Murtosa, Aveiro, Ílhavo e Mira. Neste contexto foram analisados, a área de influência de cada cais, as actividades económicas e sociais presentes, bem como as potencialidades de desenvolvimento das actividades existentes

Industry Self-regulation of alcohol marketing: A systematic review of content and exposure research

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: With governments increasingly relying on the alcohol industry's self-regulated marketing codes to restrict alcohol marketing activity, there is a need to summarize the findings of research relevant to alcohol marketing controls. This paper provides a systematic review of studies investigating the content of, and exposure to, alcohol marketing in relation to self-regulated guidelines. METHODS: Peer-reviewed articles were identified through four literature search engines: SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsychINFO. Non-peer reviewed reports produced by public health agencies, alcohol research centers, non-governmental organizations, and government research centers were also identified. 96 publications met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of the 19 studies evaluating a specific marketing code and 25 content analysis studies reviewed, all detected content that could be considered potentially harmful to children and adolescents, including themes that strongly appeal to young men. Of the 57 studies of alcohol advertising exposure, high levels of youth exposure and high awareness of alcohol advertising were found for television, radio, print, digital, and outdoor ads. Youth exposure to alcohol advertising has increased over time, even as greater compliance with exposure thresholds has been documented. CONCLUSIONS: Violations of the content guidelines within self-regulated alcohol marketing codes are highly prevalent in certain media. Exposure to alcohol marketing, particularly among youth, is also prevalent. Taken together, the findings suggest that the current self-regulatory systems that govern alcohol marketing practices are not meeting their intended goal of protecting vulnerable populations

European assessment of support for eco-innovation: Impacts over firm performance

This work uses a sample of 63303 European firms, which answered the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for the period 2012-2014, to relate the eco-innovation strategies implemented as well as the factors able to justify their introduction with firm performance, measured through turnover and employment growth. A mixed-effects regression model was implemented in order to derive results from the estimations, whereas at the same time some statistical evidence was presented. Results point that not all eco-innovation strategies implemented increase firm performance, nor even the factors able to justify these introductions are the most effective to justify firm performance increases. Eco-Innovations related with extended product life through longer lasting, more durable goods, have a positive impact on turnover growth and employment. Firms seem to have introduced eco-innovations mostly due to existing environmental regulations, to improve the enterprise reputation, and due to the high cost of energy, water or materials. On the other side, government grants, subsidies or other financial incentives for environmental innovations and the need to meet requirements for public procurement contracts are the factors that European firms consider most irrelevant.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Dimension effects in the relationship between eco-innovation andfirm performance: a European comparison

This study investigates the effect of eco-efficiency actions on firm performance, considering both turnover and employment growth, in the European enterprises with different firm size classes. The sample includes 63303 firms from 13 different European Union countries. The main contributions of this work are the use of the most recent Community Innovation Survey (CIS) and the consideration of firms' size when analysing the relationship between the introduction of environmental benefits and firm performance. Using the ordinary least squares and simultaneous equation models the results showed that eco-innovations may affect negatively turnover growth as well as employment growth, a result which is not sensitive to firms' size. However, environmental benefits introduced in products, demanded by the end user, are sensitive to the different size class to which the enterprise belongs. Both human capital and the number of adopted eco-innovation strategies influence positively firm performance, revealing to be more sensitive to the firm size. Overall, policy makers should be aware of the size as an important driver, or conditioning factor, for firm performance when forcing firms to introduce policies regarding environmental benefits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caracterización de cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis berliner y actividad biológica hacia Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) y Anticarsia gemmatalis hübner (Lepidoptera: noctuidae).

RESUMEN: Se realizó la caracterización de nueve cepas cubanas de Bacillus thuringiensis según la morfología del cristal, la determinación del patrón de proteínas Cry y la actividad biológica frente a los insectos lepidópteros Spodoptera frugiperda y Anticarsia gemmatalis. Se observó la típica morfología bipiramidal en todas las cepas, y además la presencia de inclusiones cúbicas. El patrón de proteínas Cry obtenido correspondió con el de la cepa estándar internacional de B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki cepa HD1, en el que se observan dos bandas bien definidas correspondientes a la proteína Cry 1 (130 kDa) y Cry 2 (70 kDa). En la evaluación de la actividad biológica las cepas LBT 4 y LBT 7 causaron el 100% de mortalidad frente a S. frugiperda, mientras que las LBT 4, LBT 7, LBT 13 y LBT 47 provocaron el 100% de mortalidad para A. gemmatalis. abstract: This study describes the characterization of nine Cuban Bacillus thuringiensis strains based on crystal morphology, SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis (PAGE) and insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda and Anticarsia gemmatalis. Ultrastructural analysis of parasporal bodies of the nine strains showed the typical bipyramidal crystal and cubic inclusion partially embedded in the middle of the bipyramidal crystal. The PAGE analysis showed two bands of 130 kDa and 70 kDa belongs to Cry 1 and Cry 2 protein present to HD1 standard strains B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. The strains LBT 4 and LBT 7 analyzed in this report showed potential as biological insecticide against S. frugiperda and LBT 4, LBT 7, LBT13 and LBT47 strains showed 100% of mortality to Anticarsia gemmatalis